Maximiliana is a unique feminine given name of Latin origin, derived from the Roman family name Maximinus. It means "the greatest and least," combining the elements "maximus" (greatest) and "minus" (less). Though rare today, it has historic ties to Empress Maria Leopoldine Josepha Gabriela Franziska Theresia Xaveria von Habsburg-Lothringen and literary associations through Brazilian writer Castro Alves' poem dedicated to a woman named Maximiliana.